富二代app绿软

  • 院长(zhang)信箱
  •     |    
  •     |    
富二代app绿软

2009年中国人权事业的进展(全文)

来源:     作者:    发布时间: 2010/9/27 15:34:00   
浏览量次


新(xin)华网北京9月26日电 国务院新(xin)闻办(ban)公室26日发表了《2009年中(zhong)国人权事业(ye)的(de)进展》白皮书(shu)。全文如下:

 

2009年中(zhong)国人权事业的进展

2010年9月

前 言

 

2009年(nian)是进入新(xin)世纪以来(lai)中(zhong)国(guo)经(jing)(jing)济(ji)(ji)发(fa)展最为困难(nan)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)年(nian)。在这(zhei)一(yi)年(nian)里,面(mian)对国(guo)际金(jin)融危机的(de)(de)(de)巨大冲击(ji)和严(yan)峻复杂的(de)(de)(de)经(jing)(jing)济(ji)(ji)形(xing)势,中(zhong)国(guo)政(zheng)府坚持(chi)以人为本的(de)(de)(de)科学发(fa)展观,把(ba)妥善应对国(guo)际金(jin)融危机、保(bao)持(chi)经(jing)(jing)济(ji)(ji)平(ping)稳较快发(fa)展与促(cu)进人权事(shi)(shi)业发(fa)展有机结合(he)起来(lai),全(quan)面(mian)实施(shi)保(bao)增(zeng)长(zhang)、调结构、促(cu)改革、惠民生的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)系列政(zheng)策措施(shi),有效(xiao)遏制(zhi)经(jing)(jing)济(ji)(ji)增(zeng)长(zhang)明显下滑的(de)(de)(de)态势,在全(quan)球率先实现经(jing)(jing)济(ji)(ji)回升向好,同时推动(dong)中(zhong)国(guo)人权事(shi)(shi)业取得了新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)重大进展。

 

在这一年里,中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府颁布实施(shi)了(le)《国(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)人(ren)(ren)权(quan)(quan)(quan)行动(dong)计(ji)划(hua)(hua)(2009-2010年)》。这是中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府制定的(de)第一个以(yi)人(ren)(ren)权(quan)(quan)(quan)为(wei)主(zhu)题的(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)规划(hua)(hua),是指导(dao)和推动(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)权(quan)(quan)(quan)事(shi)业全面(mian)(mian)发(fa)展的(de)纲领性文(wen)件。计(ji)划(hua)(hua)将尊重和保障(zhang)人(ren)(ren)权(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)宪法原则贯彻到政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治、经济、文(wen)化和社(she)会(hui)建设各个领域(yu),贯穿于(yu)立法、执法、司法和执政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、行政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)各个环(huan)节(jie),明确规定了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府促进和保护人(ren)(ren)权(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)工(gong)作目标和具体措(cuo)施(shi)。一年多来,《国(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)人(ren)(ren)权(quan)(quan)(quan)行动(dong)计(ji)划(hua)(hua)(2009-2010年)》得到全面(mian)(mian)有效的(de)实施(shi),公(gong)民人(ren)(ren)权(quan)(quan)(quan)意识得到普遍提高,人(ren)(ren)权(quan)(quan)(quan)事(shi)业得到全面(mian)(mian)推进。

 

中(zhong)国是一个拥有13亿人(ren)口的发(fa)展中(zhong)大国。由于发(fa)展不足和(he)发(fa)展不平衡,中(zhong)国的人(ren)权状况还存(cun)在着一些(xie)不如人(ren)意(yi)的地方。中(zhong)国政府正(zheng)在采取(qu)有力(li)措施推动(dong)科学发(fa)展、促进社(she)会和(he)谐,为实现社(she)会更(geng)加(jia)公正(zheng)和(he)谐,人(ren)民生活更(geng)有尊严、更(geng)加(jia)幸福而(er)努(nu)力(li)。

 

为增进国际社会对中(zhong)国人(ren)(ren)权状况(kuang)的(de)了解,现将2009年中(zhong)国人(ren)(ren)权事(shi)业进展情况(kuang)公布如下。

 

一、   人民的生(sheng)存权(quan)和发展权(quan)

 

2009年,中(zhong)国(guo)政府为应对国(guo)际(ji)金融危机的冲击,投(tou)入4万亿元(yuan),着力(li)促民生(sheng)、保增长、调结(jie)构(gou),促进社会经济(ji)平(ping)稳较快发(fa)展,取得显著成效。据统计(ji),2009年,国(guo)内生(sheng)产总值(zhi)达(da)到34万多亿元(yuan),比上年增长9.1%。粮食产量5.31亿吨,再创(chuang)历史新高,实现(xian)连续(xu)第六年增产。中(zhong)国(guo)人民的生(sheng)活水平(ping)在经济(ji)社会发(fa)展的基础上有了进一步的提高。

 

居(ju)民(min)生活条(tiao)件(jian)继续得(de)到(dao)(dao)改善。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),中国农(nong)(nong)村居(ju)民(min)人(ren)均纯收入为5153元(yuan)(yuan),城(cheng)镇(zhen)(zhen)居(ju)民(min)人(ren)均可支(zhi)配收入为17175元(yuan)(yuan),分(fen)别比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)实际增(zeng)(zeng)长8.5%和(he)9.8%。农(nong)(nong)村居(ju)民(min)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)恩(en)格尔系(xi)数(shu)(即居(ju)民(min)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)食品消(xiao)(xiao)费支(zhi)出(chu)(chu)占消(xiao)(xiao)费总(zong)支(zhi)出(chu)(chu)的(de)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong))为41%,城(cheng)镇(zhen)(zhen)居(ju)民(min)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)恩(en)格尔系(xi)数(shu)为36.5%。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),国家(jia)(jia)安排专项建(jian)设(she)资(zi)金(jin)550.56亿元(yuan)(yuan),基本建(jian)成各(ge)类保障性住房200万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)套,改造国有林区(qu)、垦(ken)区(qu)、煤矿棚户(hu)区(qu)和(he)部分(fen)城(cheng)市棚户(hu)区(qu)住房130万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)套,居(ju)民(min)住房条(tiao)件(jian)得(de)到(dao)(dao)改善。到(dao)(dao)2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底,全国民(min)用轿(jiao)车保有量3136万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)辆,比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)长28.6%,其中私人(ren)轿(jiao)车2605万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)辆,增(zeng)(zeng)长33.8%。全国固定及移动电话(hua)用户(hu)总(zong)数(shu)达(da)到(dao)(dao)106107万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)户(hu),比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)末增(zeng)(zeng)加7947万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)户(hu),电话(hua)普(pu)及率达(da)到(dao)(dao)每百人(ren)79.9部。全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)国内出(chu)(chu)游人(ren)数(shu)达(da)19亿人(ren)次,比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)长11.1%。国内居(ju)民(min)出(chu)(chu)境(jing)人(ren)数(shu)达(da)4766万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)次,增(zeng)(zeng)长4%。

 

国(guo)(guo)家加大扶持(chi)(chi)力(li)度,促进农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)发(fa)展(zhan)、农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建设和(he)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民增(zeng)收。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian),国(guo)(guo)家先后出(chu)台《关(guan)于(yu)2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)促进农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)稳定发(fa)展(zhan)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民持(chi)(chi)续增(zeng)收的(de)若干意见》和(he)《关(guan)于(yu)当前稳定农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)发(fa)展(zhan)促进农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民增(zeng)收的(de)意见》,中(zhong)央财(cai)政投入资金7253亿(yi)元,比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)长21.8%,有(you)力(li)地促进了(le)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民生活条件的(de)改(gai)善(shan)。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian),80万(wan)户(hu)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)危房得到(dao)改(gai)造(zao),9.2万(wan)户(hu)游牧(mu)民实(shi)现了(le)定居(ju),6069万(wan)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)人口饮水安全(quan)(quan)问(wen)题得到(dao)解(jie)决。2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)(quan)国(guo)(guo)累计解(jie)决2.25亿(yi)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)人口的(de)饮水安全(quan)(quan)问(wen)题,提前6年(nian)(nian)(nian)实(shi)现了(le)联合国(guo)(guo)提出(chu)的(de)“2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)前无(wu)法可持(chi)(chi)续获得安全(quan)(quan)饮水人口比(bi)例减(jian)半”的(de)发(fa)展(zhan)目标(biao)。

 

国(guo)(guo)家高(gao)度重视改善贫(pin)困人(ren)(ren)口(kou)的(de)生产生活条件。2009年(nian)(nian),国(guo)(guo)家投入(ru)扶(fu)贫(pin)资(zi)金197.3亿(yi)元(yuan),比上年(nian)(nian)增加30亿(yi)元(yuan),通过财政贴息调动(dong)信贷扶(fu)贫(pin)资(zi)金投入(ru)252亿(yi)元(yuan)。2009年(nian)(nian),国(guo)(guo)家将农村(cun)扶(fu)贫(pin)标准提(ti)高(gao)到(dao)(dao)(dao)每人(ren)(ren)每年(nian)(nian)1196元(yuan),扶(fu)贫(pin)开发(fa)(fa)对象覆(fu)盖(gai)4007万人(ren)(ren)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)2009年(nian)(nian)底,农村(cun)贫(pin)困人(ren)(ren)口(kou)减少到(dao)(dao)(dao)3597.1万人(ren)(ren),占农村(cun)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)的(de)3.8%。国(guo)(guo)家扶(fu)贫(pin)开发(fa)(fa)工(gong)作重点县(xian)农民(min)人(ren)(ren)均纯收入(ru)从2008年(nian)(nian)的(de)2611元(yuan)增加到(dao)(dao)(dao)2842元(yuan),增幅高(gao)于(yu)全国(guo)(guo)农村(cun)平均水平。

 

国(guo)(guo)家完善(shan)公共(gong)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)体系,提高人(ren)(ren)(ren)民的(de)健康水平。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian),全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)国(guo)(guo)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)总(zong)费(fei)用(yong)达(da)17204.81亿元(yuan),人(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)费(fei)用(yong)1192元(yuan),卫(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)总(zong)费(fei)用(yong)占国(guo)(guo)内(nei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产总(zong)值比重达(da)4.96%。国(guo)(guo)家安排基层(ceng)医(yi)疗服务(wu)体系建(jian)设(she)资金217亿多元(yuan),支持986个(ge)(ge)县级医(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(含(han)中(zhong)医(yi)院(yuan)(yuan))、3549个(ge)(ge)中(zhong)心乡镇卫(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)院(yuan)(yuan)、1154个(ge)(ge)社区卫(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)服务(wu)中(zhong)心建(jian)设(she),另拨付基层(ceng)医(yi)疗卫(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)机(ji)构设(she)备购(gou)置补(bu)(bu)助资金17.3亿元(yuan)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)共(gong)为(wei)农(nong)村(cun)(cun)1126万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)名(ming)孕(yun)产妇住(zhu)院(yuan)(yuan)分(fen)娩实施补(bu)(bu)助,为(wei)1186万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)左(zuo)右(you)农(nong)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育妇女(nv)孕(yun)前3个(ge)(ge)月(yue)和孕(yun)早期(qi)3个(ge)(ge)月(yue)免费(fei)补(bu)(bu)服叶酸,为(wei)200万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)农(nong)村(cun)(cun)妇女(nv)进(jin)(jin)行(xing)宫(gong)颈癌(ai)检查,为(wei)2800多万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)15岁以下人(ren)(ren)(ren)群补(bu)(bu)种乙肝疫苗(miao)。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian),全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)国(guo)(guo)“百(bai)万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)贫困(kun)白内(nei)障患者复明工程”项目(mu)完成21万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)余例次(ci)手术,对3万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)处农(nong)村(cun)(cun)饮(yin)水安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)集中(zhong)供(gong)水工程进(jin)(jin)行(xing)水质卫(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)监测(ce)。到(dao)2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)底,全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)国(guo)(guo)艾(ai)滋(zi)病(bing)抗病(bing)毒治疗工作(zuo)已覆盖31个(ge)(ge)省(sheng)(自(zi)治区、直辖市),累计(ji)治疗艾(ai)滋(zi)病(bing)病(bing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)79946例、艾(ai)滋(zi)病(bing)患儿1793人(ren)(ren)(ren)。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian),国(guo)(guo)家迅速启动应急响应机(ji)制(zhi),有效防止甲(jia)型H1N1流(liu)感的(de)传播。据(ju)统计(ji),目(mu)前全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)国(guo)(guo)共(gong)有卫(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)机(ji)构28.9万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)个(ge)(ge),卫(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)技术人(ren)(ren)(ren)员522万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren),医(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)和卫(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)院(yuan)(yuan)床位396万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)张,乡镇卫(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)院(yuan)(yuan)床位91万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)张。中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)居民人(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)期(qi)望寿命73岁,全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)国(guo)(guo)孕(yun)产妇死亡率为(wei)31.9/10万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan),婴儿死亡率为(wei)13.8‰。

 

国(guo)(guo)家加(jia)强安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生产(chan)(chan)(chan)法制建设和(he)监(jian)管工作(zuo)(zuo)。2009年,国(guo)(guo)家颁布了(le)(le)(le)(le)《作(zuo)(zuo)业(ye)场所职业(ye)健康监(jian)督(du)管理(li)(li)暂(zan)行规定(ding)》等12个部门(men)规章,制定(ding)修改了(le)(le)(le)(le)53项安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生产(chan)(chan)(chan)标(biao)准和(he)煤(mei)炭行业(ye)标(biao)准,进(jin)一步强化了(le)(le)(le)(le)对(dui)从业(ye)人(ren)(ren)员(yuan)工作(zuo)(zuo)环境的(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)防护。2009年,全(quan)(quan)国(guo)(guo)18个省(自治区(qu)、直辖市)建立了(le)(le)(le)(le)专门(men)的(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生产(chan)(chan)(chan)执法队伍,所有(you)地市级(ji)政府(fu)和(he)97%的(de)县级(ji)政府(fu)成立了(le)(le)(le)(le)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)监(jian)管机构(gou)(gou),75%的(de)乡镇(街道)设立了(le)(le)(le)(le)专职或兼职安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生产(chan)(chan)(chan)工作(zuo)(zuo)机构(gou)(gou)。煤(mei)矿(kuang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)监(jian)察系统增设了(le)(le)(le)(le)5个监(jian)察分(fen)局(ju),全(quan)(quan)年全(quan)(quan)国(guo)(guo)生产(chan)(chan)(chan)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)事(shi)故责任追究(jiu)处理(li)(li)29880人(ren)(ren)。2009年,全(quan)(quan)国(guo)(guo)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)事(shi)故总起(qi)(qi)数(shu)、死亡人(ren)(ren)数(shu)同比减少34930起(qi)(qi)、7980人(ren)(ren),分(fen)别下降8.4%和(he)8.8%。特(te)别重大事(shi)故起(qi)(qi)数(shu)和(he)死亡人(ren)(ren)数(shu)同比分(fen)别下降50%和(he)56.1%。亿元(yuan)国(guo)(guo)内生产(chan)(chan)(chan)总值生产(chan)(chan)(chan)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)事(shi)故死亡人(ren)(ren)数(shu)为0.248人(ren)(ren),同比下降16.7%。在2010年3月28日的(de)山西王家岭矿(kuang)难(nan)中(zhong),有(you)153名矿(kuang)工被困井(jing)下,经过8天(tian)8夜的(de)救(jiu)援,成功救(jiu)出115名矿(kuang)工,创造了(le)(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)矿(kuang)山事(shi)故抢(qiang)险救(jiu)援史上的(de)奇(qi)迹。

 

二、   公(gong)民权(quan)利(li)和(he)政治权(quan)利(li)

 

2009年,中国(guo)政(zheng)府继续把保(bao)障公民权(quan)(quan)利和政(zheng)治(zhi)权(quan)(quan)利贯穿(chuan)于政(zheng)治(zhi)文明建设(she)之中,进(jin)一步加强民主(zhu)法治(zhi)建设(she),努力扩(kuo)大公民有(you)序的政(zheng)治(zhi)参与,保(bao)证人民当家作主(zhu)的权(quan)(quan)利。

 

在(zai)中(zhong)国(guo)(guo),人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)行使国(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)权(quan)(quan)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)机关(guan)是全(quan)(quan)(quan)国(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)代(dai)表大会(hui)(hui)和(he)(he)地方各级人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)代(dai)表大会(hui)(hui)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)国(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)代(dai)表大会(hui)(hui)及其常委(wei)会(hui)(hui)行使国(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)立(li)法权(quan)(quan)。2009年(nian)1月(yue)至2010年(nian)3月(yue),全(quan)(quan)(quan)国(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)大及其常委(wei)会(hui)(hui)共审(shen)议了(le)(le)(le)25件法律和(he)(he)有(you)关(guan)法律问(wen)题的(de)(de)(de)(de)决(jue)定草案,通过(guo)了(le)(le)(le)18件,修改了(le)(le)(le)选(xuan)举(ju)法、邮政(zheng)(zheng)法等(deng)(deng)8部法律,进(jin)一步加(jia)强(qiang)了(le)(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)权(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)法保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)。其中(zhong),新通过(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)食品(pin)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)法全(quan)(quan)(quan)方位(wei)构(gou)筑(zhu)起食品(pin)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)法律屏障(zhang)(zhang),为保(bao)(bao)证食品(pin)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)、保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)身体健康和(he)(he)生命安全(quan)(quan)(quan)提供了(le)(le)(le)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)法律依(yi)据。侵(qin)权(quan)(quan)责任(ren)法明确规(gui)定了(le)(le)(le)侵(qin)害公民(min)权(quan)(quan)益应承担侵(qin)权(quan)(quan)责任(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基本原则和(he)(he)责任(ren)方式,进(jin)一步完善了(le)(le)(le)公民(min)人(ren)(ren)(ren)身权(quan)(quan)和(he)(he)财产权(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)法律保(bao)(bao)护(hu)制度(du)。特别是2009年(nian)3月(yue)第十一届全(quan)(quan)(quan)国(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)代(dai)表大会(hui)(hui)第三(san)次会(hui)(hui)议作出的(de)(de)(de)(de)关(guan)于修改选(xuan)举(ju)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)决(jue)定,明确规(gui)定城(cheng)乡按相同人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)比例(li)选(xuan)举(ju)人(ren)(ren)(ren)大代(dai)表,增加(jia)了(le)(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)大代(dai)表的(de)(de)(de)(de)广(guang)泛(fan)性(xing),更好(hao)地体现(xian)了(le)(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)平等(deng)(deng)、地区平等(deng)(deng)和(he)(he)民(min)族平等(deng)(deng),进(jin)一步完善了(le)(le)(le)选(xuan)举(ju)制度(du),扩大了(le)(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)民(min)主权(quan)(quan)利。截至目前(qian),中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)现(xian)行有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)法律234件、行政(zheng)(zheng)法规(gui)690多件、地方性(xing)法规(gui)8800多件,已(yi)基本形成了(le)(le)(le)以宪(xian)法为核心的(de)(de)(de)(de)法律体系和(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)权(quan)(quan)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)法律制度(du)。

 

全国(guo)人(ren)大(da)及其常委会(hui)有效(xiao)行(xing)使(shi)监督(du)权,监督(du)实(shi)效(xiao)进(jin)(jin)一步增强。2009年(nian),全国(guo)人(ren)大(da)常委会(hui)就应对气(qi)候变(bian)化工(gong)作情(qing)(qing)况、促(cu)进(jin)(jin)就业和再(zai)就业、加强民(min)事执行(xing)工(gong)作、加强渎职侵权检(jian)察(cha)等工(gong)作听取和审议了国(guo)务院(yuan)、最高人(ren)民(min)法院(yuan)、最高人(ren)民(min)检(jian)察(cha)院(yuan)14个报告;对食品安全法、工(gong)会(hui)法等3部(bu)法律的(de)实(shi)施情(qing)(qing)况进(jin)(jin)行(xing)了检(jian)查;开展包括保障(zhang)性住房建(jian)设、教育卫生等民(min)生工(gong)程在内的(de)部(bu)分中央重大(da)公共投(tou)资项(xiang)目(mu)实(shi)施情(qing)(qing)况专题(ti)调研,督(du)促(cu)有关部(bu)门依(yi)法行(xing)政,公正司法,解决(jue)好(hao)关系人(ren)民(min)切身(shen)利益和社会(hui)普遍关注的(de)问题(ti)。

 

中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)共(gong)产党领导(dao)的(de)(de)多党合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)和政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)协(xie)商制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)的(de)(de)一项基本政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du),是(shi)符合(he)中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)国(guo)情、具有(you)鲜明中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)特(te)色的(de)(de)新型政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)党制(zhi)(zhi)度(du),在国(guo)家政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)生(sheng)活中(zhong)(zhong)发(fa)挥(hui)着(zhe)重要作(zuo)(zuo)用。人民(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)协(xie)通过提(ti)案(an)、委员(yuan)视察(cha)(cha)(cha)、专(zhuan)题(ti)协(xie)商、专(zhuan)题(ti)调研(yan)、反(fan)映(ying)社(she)情民(min)(min)意(yi)等方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi),开展议政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)建(jian)言(yan)活动,履行政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)协(xie)商、民(min)(min)主(zhu)监督、参政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)议政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)职能。2009年,全(quan)国(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)协(xie)共(gong)提(ti)出提(ti)案(an)5820件(jian),经(jing)审查立案(an)5218件(jian);编报社(she)情民(min)(min)意(yi)信息267期,反(fan)映(ying)民(min)(min)生(sheng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)意(yi)见和建(jian)议1435条;提(ti)交关(guan)(guan)(guan)于中(zhong)(zhong)小企业(ye)发(fa)展、民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)地(di)区(qu)经(jing)济(ji)(ji)社(she)会(hui)(hui)发(fa)展等方(fang)(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)视察(cha)(cha)(cha)报告和考察(cha)(cha)(cha)报告12份,并与(yu)有(you)关(guan)(guan)(guan)部委就(jiu)视察(cha)(cha)(cha)成果(guo)的(de)(de)采纳(na)和落(luo)实情况进行交流,在反(fan)馈环节上(shang)探索(suo)建(jian)立健全(quan)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。全(quan)国(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)协(xie)还就(jiu)“着(zhe)力扩大(da)国(guo)内需求,保(bao)持经(jing)济(ji)(ji)平(ping)稳较快(kuai)发(fa)展”、“加快(kuai)发(fa)展方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)转变和结构调整,提(ti)高可持续(xu)发(fa)展能力”、“保(bao)障和改善民(min)(min)生(sheng),促进社(she)会(hui)(hui)和谐”等重大(da)经(jing)济(ji)(ji)与(yu)民(min)(min)生(sheng)问题(ti)召开专(zhuan)题(ti)议政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)性常(chang)委会(hui)(hui)和专(zhuan)题(ti)协(xie)商会(hui)(hui)。2009年,全(quan)国(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)协(xie)有(you)关(guan)(guan)(guan)专(zhuan)门委员(yuan)会(hui)(hui)积极为立法(fa)(fa)、执法(fa)(fa)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)建(jian)言(yan)献策,如(ru),围绕民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)区(qu)域自治(zhi)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)贯(guan)彻实施深入考察(cha)(cha)(cha)调研(yan),建(jian)议建(jian)立健全(quan)与(yu)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)区(qu)域自治(zhi)法(fa)(fa)相配套的(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)体(ti)系(xi)及相关(guan)(guan)(guan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策,推(tui)动其贯(guan)彻落(luo)实;建(jian)议完善相关(guan)(guan)(guan)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)法(fa)(fa)规(gui),明确非(fei)正常(chang)上(shang)访(fang)的(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)概念以及责(ze)任主(zhu)体(ti),将信访(fang)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)纳(na)入法(fa)(fa)制(zhi)(zhi)化轨道。另外,还就(jiu)国(guo)务(wu)院法(fa)(fa)制(zhi)(zhi)办(ban)等单位送(song)来的(de)(de)多部社(she)会(hui)(hui)建(jian)设(she)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)法(fa)(fa)规(gui)草(cao)案(an)提(ti)出了修(xiu)改意(yi)见。

 

基(ji)层(ceng)群(qun)众(zhong)自治制度是保(bao)障人民(min)(min)群(qun)众(zhong)直(zhi)接(jie)行(xing)使民(min)(min)主(zhu)权(quan)利的(de)一(yi)项(xiang)基(ji)本政治制度。2009年(nian),国(guo)务(wu)(wu)院出台了《关于加强和改进村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)委(wei)(wei)(wei)员会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)选(xuan)(xuan)举(ju)(ju)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)通知》,就选(xuan)(xuan)举(ju)(ju)前准备工(gong)(gong)作、选(xuan)(xuan)举(ju)(ju)程序、选(xuan)(xuan)举(ju)(ju)后续(xu)工(gong)(gong)作、加强组织领导等(deng)方面提出了规(gui)范性要求,对维护村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)委(wei)(wei)(wei)员会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)选(xuan)(xuan)举(ju)(ju)的(de)公正有序、保(bao)障村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)依法(fa)(fa)直(zhi)接(jie)行(xing)使民(min)(min)主(zhu)权(quan)利、发展农(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)基(ji)层(ceng)民(min)(min)主(zhu)具有重要意义。2009年(nian),全(quan)国(guo)12个省份(fen)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)委(wei)(wei)(wei)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)和16个省份(fen)居(ju)委(wei)(wei)(wei)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)完成(cheng)了换届选(xuan)(xuan)举(ju)(ju)工(gong)(gong)作。目前,全(quan)国(guo)农(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)有村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)委(wei)(wei)(wei)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)60.4万个,依法(fa)(fa)民(min)(min)主(zhu)选(xuan)(xuan)举(ju)(ju)产生的(de)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)委(wei)(wei)(wei)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)成(cheng)员230多(duo)万人。国(guo)家开展村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)务(wu)(wu)公开,民(min)(min)主(zhu)管理“难点村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)”专项(xiang)治理,解决农(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)征(zheng)地拆迁、土(tu)地承包等(deng)过程中(zhong)存在的(de)损害农(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)合法(fa)(fa)权(quan)益的(de)问题。完善(shan)城乡社区服(fu)务(wu)(wu)体系,不断提高城乡社区建(jian)设的(de)整体水平。

 

中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)积(ji)极推(tui)进(jin)(jin)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)务公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)开(kai)、健(jian)全新(xin)(xin)闻发(fa)言人(ren)制度(du)和(he)(he)相关(guan)信息公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)开(kai)制度(du),依法促进(jin)(jin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)民享有更多的知情权(quan)、监督(du)权(quan)和(he)(he)参与公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共事务的权(quan)利。2004年(nian)《全面推(tui)进(jin)(jin)依法行(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)实(shi)(shi)施(shi)纲要》颁(ban)布(bu)实(shi)(shi)施(shi)以来,依法行(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)工作(zuo)取得重(zhong)大进(jin)(jin)展(zhan)。中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)更加(jia)注重(zhong)有关(guan)社会(hui)管(guan)理和(he)(he)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共服(fu)务的立法,更加(jia)注重(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)众(zhong)(zhong)参与和(he)(he)专家论证,行(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)决策(ce)的科学化(hua)、民主化(hua)、法治(zhi)化(hua)水平不断提高。进(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)规范执(zhi)法行(xing)(xing)(xing)为,大力推(tui)进(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)执(zhi)法责任制。2009年(nian),各级人(ren)民政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)部(bu)(bu)门认真贯彻落(luo)实(shi)(shi)《政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)信息公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)开(kai)条例》,进(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)丰富(fu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)机关(guan)的政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)信息公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)开(kai)平台(tai)。各级政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)新(xin)(xin)闻发(fa)布(bu)会(hui)制度(du)进(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)健(jian)全。2009年(nian),国(guo)(guo)务院新(xin)(xin)闻办公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)室(shi)、各部(bu)(bu)委各部(bu)(bu)门以及各省(自(zi)治(zhi)区(qu)、直辖市)举办了1646场(chang)新(xin)(xin)闻发(fa)布(bu)会(hui)。中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)媒体(ti)与网民积(ji)极参与公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)讨论并对政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)为进(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)监督(du)与批(pi)评。2010年(nian)3月,财政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)部(bu)(bu)等(deng)8个中(zhong)(zhong)央单位先后在各自(zi)网站(zhan)上公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)了本(ben)年(nian)度(du)财政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)预算,改变(bian)了传统(tong)上行(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)部(bu)(bu)门财政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的运作(zuo)方式,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)众(zhong)(zhong)对此反(fan)响热烈,认为这一(yi)举措是中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)向政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)文明迈进(jin)(jin)的重(zhong)要一(yi)步(bu)(bu)。

 

中国(guo)政府支(zhi)持(chi)企事(shi)业(ye)单(dan)位完善(shan)以职(zhi)工(gong)代(dai)表大会(hui)(hui)为基(ji)本形式的(de)企事(shi)业(ye)单(dan)位民主管理制(zhi)度,推进厂务(wu)公(gong)(gong)开,支(zhi)持(chi)职(zhi)工(gong)参与管理,维(wei)护职(zhi)工(gong)合法权益。截至(zhi)2009年底(di),全国(guo)已(yi)有(you)22个(ge)省(自治区、直辖市)颁(ban)布了27个(ge)厂务(wu)公(gong)(gong)开、民主管理方面的(de)地方性法规(gui)。截至(zhi)2009年9月(yue)底(di),已(yi)建(jian)工(gong)会(hui)(hui)、实行厂务(wu)公(gong)(gong)开制(zhi)度的(de)企事(shi)业(ye)单(dan)位有(you)175.2万(wan)(wan)(wan)个(ge),覆(fu)(fu)盖职(zhi)工(gong)12751.2万(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren);实行职(zhi)工(gong)代(dai)表大会(hui)(hui)制(zhi)度的(de)企事(shi)业(ye)单(dan)位183.9万(wan)(wan)(wan)个(ge),覆(fu)(fu)盖职(zhi)工(gong)13338.7万(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)。全国(guo)基(ji)层工(gong)会(hui)(hui)组(zu)织达(da)到(dao)184.5万(wan)(wan)(wan)个(ge),覆(fu)(fu)盖企事(shi)业(ye)单(dan)位395.9万(wan)(wan)(wan)家;全国(guo)工(gong)会(hui)(hui)会(hui)(hui)员总数(shu)达(da)到(dao)2.263亿人(ren)(ren)。最近五(wu)年,全国(guo)工(gong)会(hui)(hui)会(hui)(hui)员数(shu)平(ping)均每年净增(zeng)1500万(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)以上,工(gong)会(hui)(hui)组(zu)建(jian)和发展会(hui)(hui)员工(gong)作创造了历史最高水(shui)平(ping)。

 

中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)公民在互(hu)联(lian)(lian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)言论(lun)(lun)自由受法(fa)律保护,可以通(tong)过各(ge)(ge)种形式在网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)上(shang)发(fa)表言论(lun)(lun)。互(hu)联(lian)(lian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)得到(dao)广泛(fan)普及(ji)和运用(yong),已(yi)成(cheng)为(wei)(wei)人们获(huo)取各(ge)(ge)类(lei)信息和发(fa)表言论(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要途(tu)径。截至2009年(nian)底,中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)民人数达(da)(da)到(dao)3.84亿,互(hu)联(lian)(lian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)普及(ji)率达(da)(da)到(dao)28.9%,超过世界平均(jun)水(shui)平。中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)境内网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)站达(da)(da)323万个(ge)(ge)。网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)站十分(fen)注重(zhong)为(wei)(wei)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)民提(ti)(ti)供(gong)发(fa)表言论(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)服务(wu)(wu),约80%的(de)(de)(de)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)站提(ti)(ti)供(gong)电子(zi)公告服务(wu)(wu)。中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)现(xian)有(you)上(shang)百万个(ge)(ge)论(lun)(lun)坛,2.2亿个(ge)(ge)博客用(yong)户。据抽样统计,每天人们通(tong)过论(lun)(lun)坛、新(xin)闻评论(lun)(lun)、博客等渠(qu)道发(fa)表的(de)(de)(de)言论(lun)(lun)达(da)(da)300多(duo)万条,超过66%的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)民经(jing)常(chang)在网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)上(shang)发(fa)表言论(lun)(lun),就各(ge)(ge)种话题进(jin)行讨(tao)论(lun)(lun),充分(fen)表达(da)(da)思想观点和利益诉求。通(tong)过互(hu)联(lian)(lian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)了(le)(le)解民情、汇(hui)聚民智,成(cheng)为(wei)(wei)中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)政府(fu)执(zhi)政为(wei)(wei)民、改进(jin)工作的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)渠(qu)道。中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)领导(dao)人经(jing)常(chang)上(shang)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)了(le)(le)解公众(zhong)意(yi)(yi)愿,有(you)时(shi)直(zhi)接在网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)上(shang)与网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)民交流,讨(tao)论(lun)(lun)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家大事(shi),回答网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)民的(de)(de)(de)问题。各(ge)(ge)级政府(fu)出台重(zhong)大政策前,通(tong)过互(hu)联(lian)(lian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)征(zheng)求意(yi)(yi)见已(yi)成(cheng)为(wei)(wei)普遍(bian)做法(fa)。近三年(nian)来(lai),每年(nian)通(tong)过互(hu)联(lian)(lian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)征(zheng)求到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)建议(yi)多(duo)达(da)(da)几百万条,为(wei)(wei)完(wan)善(shan)政府(fu)工作提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)有(you)益参(can)考(kao)。

 

中国政(zheng)府十(shi)分重视互(hu)(hu)(hu)联网的监(jian)督作用,对人(ren)们(men)通(tong)过互(hu)(hu)(hu)联网反(fan)(fan)映(ying)的问(wen)题,要求各级政(zheng)府及时调查(cha)解决,并(bing)向公(gong)(gong)众(zhong)反(fan)(fan)馈处理结果。绝大多数政(zheng)府网站(zhan)都(dou)公(gong)(gong)布了电子邮箱、电话号码,以便于(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)众(zhong)反(fan)(fan)映(ying)政(zheng)府工作中存在的问(wen)题,一大批(pi)通(tong)过互(hu)(hu)(hu)联网反(fan)(fan)映(ying)出来的问(wen)题得到了解决。为便于(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)众(zhong)举报贪污腐败等(deng)问(wen)题,中央纪检监(jian)察机构(gou)和最高(gao)人(ren)民法院(yuan)、最高(gao)人(ren)民检察院(yuan)等(deng)开设了举报网站(zhan)。

 

公民依法(fa)(fa)享有(you)批(pi)评(ping)、建议、申诉(su)(su)、检举(ju)和(he)控告的(de)(de)(de)权(quan)利。中(zhong)国(guo)政(zheng)府通过开展(zhan)绿色邮政(zheng)、专线电话(hua)、网上信访(fang)(fang)(fang)、信访(fang)(fang)(fang)代理等多种渠道(dao),为人(ren)民群(qun)(qun)众(zhong)反映问题、表达诉(su)(su)求、提出意见(jian)建议提供便利。坚持实(shi)行(xing)党政(zheng)领(ling)导干(gan)部阅批(pi)群(qun)(qun)众(zhong)来(lai)信、定期(qi)接待(dai)群(qun)(qun)众(zhong)来(lai)访(fang)(fang)(fang)、领(ling)导包案和(he)责任追究等制(zhi)(zhi)度(du),切实(shi)维护人(ren)民群(qun)(qun)众(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)合法(fa)(fa)权(quan)益。2009年,中(zhong)共中(zhong)央(yang)办公厅、国(guo)务院办公厅转发(fa)《关(guan)于(yu)(yu)领(ling)导干(gan)部定期(qi)接待(dai)群(qun)(qun)众(zhong)来(lai)访(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)意见(jian)》、《关(guan)于(yu)(yu)中(zhong)央(yang)和(he)国(guo)家机关(guan)定期(qi)组织干(gan)部下访(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)意见(jian)》和(he)《关(guan)于(yu)(yu)把矛盾(dun)纠纷排查化(hua)(hua)(hua)解工(gong)作制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)意见(jian)》三个文(wen)件,将定期(qi)接待(dai)群(qun)(qun)众(zhong)来(lai)访(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)体(ti)从县委书记层拓宽到各(ge)级各(ge)部门领(ling)导干(gan)部,将组织中(zhong)央(yang)和(he)国(guo)家机关(guan)干(gan)部下访(fang)(fang)(fang)规(gui)范(fan)化(hua)(hua)(hua),把矛盾(dun)纠纷排查化(hua)(hua)(hua)解工(gong)作制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)化(hua)(hua)(hua),进一步完(wan)善信访(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)作法(fa)(fa)规(gui)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)体(ti)系。2009年,全(quan)国(guo)信访(fang)(fang)(fang)总量同比下降(jiang)2.7%,连续5年保持了下降(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)态势(shi)。

 

三(san)、   人权的司法保障(zhang)

 

2009年,中(zhong)国进一步(bu)完善(shan)人(ren)权的司法(fa)保(bao)障体系,执法(fa)、司法(fa)中(zhong)的人(ren)权保(bao)障得到进一步(bu)加强。

 

中国依法惩(cheng)治犯罪(zui),保障公民的生命财产安(an)全和其他各项人(ren)(ren)(ren)权(quan)不受侵犯。2009年,检察机(ji)关共(gong)批(pi)准逮捕各类(lei)刑事犯罪(zui)嫌疑人(ren)(ren)(ren)941091人(ren)(ren)(ren),提起公诉1134380人(ren)(ren)(ren)。各级人(ren)(ren)(ren)民法院(yuan)审结一审刑事案(an)件76.7万件,判(pan)处罪(zui)犯99.7万人(ren)(ren)(ren),执结各类(lei)积案(an)340.7万件,依法维护(hu)了被害(hai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的合法权(quan)益。

 

公安(an)(an)机关坚持执(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)为民,出(chu)台便民利民措施进(jin)(jin)一步规(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)执(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)。2009年10月,公安(an)(an)部(bu)(bu)(bu)制(zhi)定《公安(an)(an)机关执(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)细则》,明(ming)(ming)确规(gui)(gui)(gui)定公安(an)(an)机关办理行(xing)(xing)政、刑(xing)事案件的(de)(de)具体操作规(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan),为防止公安(an)(an)机关滥用(yong)职权(quan)侵犯公民权(quan)利提(ti)供(gong)了制(zhi)度保障。各地公安(an)(an)机关也结合实际出(chu)台了执(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)规(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan),对执(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)活动(dong)(dong)中的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)权(quan)保护提(ti)出(chu)了明(ming)(ming)确要求(qiu)。2009年12月,公安(an)(an)部(bu)(bu)(bu)发布《关于修改〈机动(dong)(dong)车驾(jia)驶(shi)证申领和使用(yong)规(gui)(gui)(gui)定〉的(de)(de)决(jue)定》,进(jin)(jin)一步放(fang)宽对下(xia)肢残(can)(can)疾(ji)、手(shou)指残(can)(can)缺和听力障碍人(ren)(ren)员(yuan)驾(jia)驶(shi)机动(dong)(dong)车的(de)(de)身体条件规(gui)(gui)(gui)定,满(man)足了部(bu)(bu)(bu)分残(can)(can)疾(ji)人(ren)(ren)驾(jia)车出(chu)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)需求(qiu)。2010年6月1日起施行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)《公安(an)(an)机关人(ren)(ren)民警察纪律条令》,是(shi)中国第一部(bu)(bu)(bu)系统规(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)公安(an)(an)机关及人(ren)(ren)民警察违(wei)纪行(xing)(xing)为的(de)(de)纪律处分的(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)门(men)规(gui)(gui)(gui)章。其中,对体罚、虐待违(wei)法(fa)(fa)犯罪嫌(xian)疑人(ren)(ren)、被监管人(ren)(ren)员(yuan)或其他工作对象的(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)为规(gui)(gui)(gui)定了明(ming)(ming)确的(de)(de)处分措施。

 

检察(cha)机(ji)关(guan)(guan)履(lv)行法(fa)律监督(du)职(zhi)责,切(qie)实保(bao)护公民(min)的(de)(de)权利。2009年,检察(cha)机(ji)关(guan)(guan)督(du)促(cu)侦(zhen)查(cha)(cha)机(ji)关(guan)(guan)立案19466件(jian),督(du)促(cu)撤(che)案6742件(jian),决(jue)定(ding)追(zhui)(zhui)加(jia)(jia)逮捕21232人(ren)(ren)(ren)、追(zhui)(zhui)加(jia)(jia)起诉18954人(ren)(ren)(ren),决(jue)定(ding)不批(pi)准逮捕123235人(ren)(ren)(ren)、不起诉33048人(ren)(ren)(ren)。对侦(zhen)查(cha)(cha)活动中的(de)(de)违法(fa)情况(kuang)提(ti)出纠(jiu)(jiu)正(zheng)意见25664件(jian)次(ci)。检察(cha)机(ji)关(guan)(guan)对认(ren)为(wei)确(que)有错误的(de)(de)刑事裁判提(ti)出抗诉3963件(jian),对刑事审判活动中的(de)(de)违法(fa)情况(kuang)提(ti)出纠(jiu)(jiu)正(zheng)意见4035件(jian)次(ci)。坚决(jue)查(cha)(cha)办侵犯人(ren)(ren)(ren)权的(de)(de)职(zhi)务犯罪,立案侦(zhen)查(cha)(cha)涉嫌利用职(zhi)权实施非法(fa)拘禁(jin)、破(po)坏选举(ju)、报复(fu)陷害等(deng)侵犯人(ren)(ren)(ren)权的(de)(de)国家机(ji)关(guan)(guan)工(gong)作人(ren)(ren)(ren)员478人(ren)(ren)(ren)。

 

司(si)法(fa)透明(ming)度(du)进一(yi)步增加。2009年(nian),最(zui)(zui)高人(ren)民法(fa)院发布《最(zui)(zui)高人(ren)民法(fa)院关(guan)于司(si)法(fa)公开(kai)的(de)六(liu)项规定》,将审(shen)判(pan)(pan)公开(kai)落实(shi)到审(shen)判(pan)(pan)和(he)(he)执行的(de)各个(ge)环节,进一(yi)步规范裁判(pan)(pan)文书上网和(he)(he)庭(ting)审(shen)直播,将司(si)法(fa)的(de)过程(cheng)和(he)(he)结果公开(kai),实(shi)行新闻发布例(li)会制度(du),拓展司(si)法(fa)公开(kai)的(de)广度(du)和(he)(he)深度(du)。颁布《人(ren)民法(fa)院工作人(ren)员(yuan)处(chu)分条例(li)》,全(quan)年(nian)共查处(chu)违(wei)纪违(wei)法(fa)人(ren)员(yuan)795人(ren),其中,移(yi)送司(si)法(fa)机(ji)关(guan)处(chu)理137人(ren)。全(quan)年(nian)共办理群众信访(fang)30.3万(wan)件次(ci),接待群众来访(fang)105.5万(wan)人(ren)次(ci)。

 

法律(lv)(lv)援助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)作成效(xiao)显著,有(you)效(xiao)维(wei)护(hu)困(kun)难(nan)群(qun)众(zhong)(zhong)合法权(quan)益。司(si)法部于2009年(nian)6月部署开展“法律(lv)(lv)援助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)便(bian)民(min)服务”主题活动(dong),在全(quan)国推(tui)行十项便(bian)民(min)措施。各地(di)进一步扩大法律(lv)(lv)援助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)覆盖面,普遍将就(jiu)医、就(jiu)业、就(jiu)学、劳(lao)动(dong)报酬(chou)、社(she)会保障等与民(min)生(sheng)紧(jin)密相关的(de)权(quan)益保护(hu)事项纳入法律(lv)(lv)援助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)补充(chong)事项范(fan)围。越来越多(duo)(duo)的(de)地(di)方(fang)将经济(ji)困(kun)难(nan)指(zhi)标调整至(zhi)最低生(sheng)活保障线的(de)1.5至(zhi)2倍(bei),努力使法律(lv)(lv)援助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)惠及更(geng)多(duo)(duo)困(kun)难(nan)群(qun)众(zhong)(zhong)。法律(lv)(lv)援助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)网(wang)络建设不断加强,截至(zhi)2009年(nian)底(di),全(quan)国共建立省市县三级政府法律(lv)(lv)援助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)机构3274个,设立法律(lv)(lv)援助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)作站58031个,方(fang)便(bian)了困(kun)难(nan)群(qun)众(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)近申请和获得法律(lv)(lv)援助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。2009年(nian)共办理(li)法律(lv)(lv)援助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)案件64万(wan)多(duo)(duo)件,提供(gong)法律(lv)(lv)咨(zi)询484万(wan)多(duo)(duo)人(ren)次,有(you)效(xiao)维(wei)护(hu)了困(kun)难(nan)群(qun)众(zhong)(zhong)合法权(quan)益。

 

律(lv)(lv)(lv)师在人(ren)权(quan)(quan)的(de)司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)保护中的(de)作用(yong)(yong)不断增强。2009年(nian),国(guo)家制定(ding)有关规(gui)(gui)章和规(gui)(gui)范(fan)性文件,细化了(le)律(lv)(lv)(lv)师法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)相关规(gui)(gui)定(ding),促进(jin)律(lv)(lv)(lv)师法(fa)(fa)(fa)关于律(lv)(lv)(lv)师会(hui)见权(quan)(quan)、阅卷权(quan)(quan)、调查取(qu)证权(quan)(quan)有关规(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)贯(guan)彻(che)落实,推动律(lv)(lv)(lv)师诉讼业务(wu)的(de)发展,为保障(zhang)律(lv)(lv)(lv)师依法(fa)(fa)(fa)履(lv)行(xing)职责(ze)、在司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)程序中发挥(hui)更大的(de)作用(yong)(yong)提供有力的(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)保障(zhang)。据统计(ji),2009年(nian),全(quan)国(guo)律(lv)(lv)(lv)师共(gong)代理各类诉讼案(an)件196万余件,有效维护了(le)当事人(ren)的(de)合法(fa)(fa)(fa)权(quan)(quan)益,促进(jin)了(le)司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)公正。

 

在押(ya)(ya)人(ren)员的(de)合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)权(quan)益依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)受到(dao)保护。2009年,司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)部(bu)制定实施《监(jian)狱教(jiao)育(yu)改造罪(zui)犯工(gong)(gong)作目(mu)标考评办法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》,全面推(tui)进教(jiao)育(yu)改造各项工(gong)(gong)作考核;开展“规范执法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)行为、提(ti)高执法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)水(shui)平(ping)”专题(ti)教(jiao)育(yu)实践活动,着力解(jie)决(jue)执法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)工(gong)(gong)作中存在的(de)问题(ti)。监(jian)狱推(tui)广(guang)罪(zui)犯每周5天劳动教(jiao)育(yu)、1天课堂(tang)学习教(jiao)育(yu)、1天休息的(de)“5+1+1”的(de)改造模式;采取措施,确保罪(zui)犯的(de)生活水(shui)平(ping)和(he)医疗(liao)水(shui)平(ping)与(yu)社会经济同(tong)步发展。2009年,检察(cha)机(ji)关对超期羁押(ya)(ya)提(ti)出(chu)纠正意见(jian)337人(ren)次,对监(jian)管活动中的(de)其他违法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)情况(kuang)提(ti)出(chu)纠正意见(jian)22268件次;会同(tong)公(gong)安(an)机(ji)关开展全国看守所监(jian)管执法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)专项检查,清(qing)(qing)理(li)发现有“牢(lao)头狱霸”行为的(de)在押(ya)(ya)人(ren)员2207人(ren),对其中涉嫌犯罪(zui)的(de)123人(ren)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)提(ti)起公(gong)诉;与(yu)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)部(bu)联合(he)开展了“清(qing)(qing)查事故隐(yin)患,促进安(an)全监(jian)管”专项活动,着力解(jie)决(jue)安(an)全措施、监(jian)管工(gong)(gong)作不(bu)到(dao)位等问题(ti),切实保护了罪(zui)犯的(de)合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)权(quan)益。

 

人民调(diao)(diao)解(jie)制度建(jian)设进一步加强。到2009年(nian)底,全国共建(jian)立人民调(diao)(diao)解(jie)委员会82.3万(wan)多个,共有人民调(diao)(diao)解(jie)员493.8万(wan)多人。全年(nian)共调(diao)(diao)解(jie)各类纠(jiu)纷767.6万(wan)余件(jian)(jian),防(fang)(fang)止民间纠(jiu)纷转化为刑(xing)事案件(jian)(jian)4.8万(wan)多件(jian)(jian),防(fang)(fang)止民间纠(jiu)纷引起自杀(sha)1.8万(wan)多人。

 

四、   经济、社会和文化权利(li)

 

2009年,中(zhong)国政(zheng)府将保(bao)障人民的经济(ji)、社(she)会(hui)和文化权利贯(guan)穿于促进经济(ji)社(she)会(hui)平稳较快发展的全过程中(zhong),采取有(you)效的措(cuo)施积极应对国际金(jin)融危机,着力解决就业、医疗、社(she)会(hui)保(bao)障、教育(yu)等(deng)关(guan)系人民群众切身利益的问(wen)题,取得(de)显著成效。

 

劳(lao)动(dong)者(zhe)的(de)就业(ye)(ye)(ye)权受到保护。2009年(nian),国家安排就业(ye)(ye)(ye)资金(jin)420亿元,比上(shang)年(nian)增长(zhang)66.7%。全国城镇新增就业(ye)(ye)(ye)1102万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人,下岗(gang)失(shi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)人员实现(xian)再就业(ye)(ye)(ye)514万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人,城镇登记失(shi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)率4.3%,应(ying)届高(gao)校(xiao)毕业(ye)(ye)(ye)生就业(ye)(ye)(ye)率达到87.4%。外出农民(min)工总量(liang)1.45亿人,比上(shang)年(nian)增加492万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人。国家直(zhi)接帮助汶川灾区(qu)(qu)劳(lao)动(dong)者(zhe)实现(xian)就业(ye)(ye)(ye)18.6万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人,实现(xian)了灾区(qu)(qu)零就业(ye)(ye)(ye)家庭至少一人就业(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)目(mu)标(biao)。

 

发展职(zhi)业(ye)培(pei)(pei)训(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun),提高劳动(dong)者就业(ye)能力。2009年,国家出台《关于实施特别(bie)职(zhi)业(ye)培(pei)(pei)训(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)计(ji)划的(de)通知》,决(jue)定从2009年至2010年实施特别(bie)职(zhi)业(ye)培(pei)(pei)训(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)计(ji)划,重(zhong)点围绕(rao)受金融(rong)危(wei)机(ji)影响(xiang)的(de)各类(lei)劳动(dong)者的(de)就业(ye)需(xu)求,开(kai)展针(zhen)对困难企业(ye)在职(zhi)职(zhi)工(gong)(gong)、失去(qu)工(gong)(gong)作返乡(xiang)的(de)农民(min)工(gong)(gong)、城镇(zhen)失业(ye)人(ren)员和新成长劳动(dong)力等四(si)类(lei)群体的(de)技能培(pei)(pei)训(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)。2009年共(gong)组织开(kai)展职(zhi)业(ye)培(pei)(pei)训(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)2160多(duo)万(wan)人(ren)次,其中(zhong)包括困难企业(ye)职(zhi)工(gong)(gong)培(pei)(pei)训(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)260多(duo)万(wan)人(ren)次、农村劳动(dong)力转移就业(ye)培(pei)(pei)训(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)1100万(wan)人(ren)次、城镇(zhen)失业(ye)人(ren)员再就业(ye)培(pei)(pei)训(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)450万(wan)人(ren)次、劳动(dong)预备制(zhi)培(pei)(pei)训(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)240万(wan)人(ren)次以及创业(ye)培(pei)(pei)训(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)110万(wan)人(ren)次。

 

劳(lao)动(dong)(dong)者(zhe)合法(fa)(fa)权益依法(fa)(fa)受到保护。2009年(nian)(nian),国(guo)家制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)《关(guan)于(yu)应对当(dang)前(qian)经济形势稳定(ding)(ding)劳(lao)动(dong)(dong)关(guan)系的指(zhi)导意(yi)见》,积极发挥劳(lao)动(dong)(dong)关(guan)系三方机制(zhi)在保企业、保就业、保稳定(ding)(ding)中(zhong)的作用。2009年(nian)(nian),全国(guo)劳(lao)动(dong)(dong)保障监察机构共(gong)(gong)主动(dong)(dong)检(jian)查用人(ren)单位(wei)175万家,涉及劳(lao)动(dong)(dong)者(zhe)9029.8万人(ren),查处各(ge)类劳(lao)动(dong)(dong)保障违法(fa)(fa)案(an)件(jian)43.9万件(jian),督促用人(ren)单位(wei)为1073.7万名(ming)劳(lao)动(dong)(dong)者(zhe)补签劳(lao)动(dong)(dong)合同(tong),为593.1万名(ming)劳(lao)动(dong)(dong)者(zhe)追(zhui)回工(gong)资等待遇89.2亿元,督促用人(ren)单位(wei)补缴社会保险费(fei)46.4亿元。各(ge)级劳(lao)动(dong)(dong)争(zheng)(zheng)议仲裁机构共(gong)(gong)立案(an)受理劳(lao)动(dong)(dong)争(zheng)(zheng)议案(an)件(jian)68.4万件(jian),案(an)外调(diao)解17.8万件(jian)。当(dang)期审结案(an)件(jian)比上年(nian)(nian)增加10.8%,有效维(wei)护了劳(lao)动(dong)(dong)关(guan)系的和谐。

 

社会(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障制(zhi)度(du)进(jin)(jin)一(yi)步健全(quan)。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),中央(yang)财政(zheng)安排社会(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障基金(jin)(jin)2906亿元,比(bi)(bi)(bi)上年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)长(zhang)16.6%。截至2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底(di)(di)(di),全(quan)国参加(jia)失业(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)险(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)为12715万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),比(bi)(bi)(bi)2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底(di)(di)(di)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)315万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren);领取失业(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)险(xian)(xian)金(jin)(jin)的人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)为235万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),比(bi)(bi)(bi)2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)末减少26万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),全(quan)国基本医(yi)疗(liao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)险(xian)(xian)总参保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)已超(chao)过(guo)12亿人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),总体覆(fu)盖(gai)率(lv)达(da)到90%以上。城(cheng)镇(zhen)职工(gong)(gong)医(yi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)、居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)医(yi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)参保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)8325万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),参保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)超(chao)过(guo)4亿人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。新(xin)(xin)型农(nong)村合(he)(he)作医(yi)疗(liao)参保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)1630万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),参合(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口达(da)到8.33亿人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。城(cheng)镇(zhen)职工(gong)(gong)医(yi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)、居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)医(yi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和新(xin)(xin)农(nong)合(he)(he)最高支付限额基本达(da)到当地职工(gong)(gong)平均(jun)工(gong)(gong)资(zi)、城(cheng)镇(zhen)居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)可支配(pei)收入(ru)和农(nong)民(min)(min)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)纯收入(ru)的6倍左右,医(yi)疗(liao)费(fei)用报(bao)销比(bi)(bi)(bi)例进(jin)(jin)一(yi)步提高。国家(jia)2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)共(gong)安排509亿元解决关闭破产(chan)国有(you)企业(ye)(ye)退休人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)员医(yi)疗(liao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)险(xian)(xian)问(wen)题(ti)。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),全(quan)国基本养老保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)险(xian)(xian)参保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)为23550万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),比(bi)(bi)(bi)2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底(di)(di)(di)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)1659万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),同比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)长(zhang)7.6%。新(xin)(xin)型农(nong)村社会(hui)养老保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)险(xian)(xian)试点(dian)在(zai)全(quan)国27个(ge)省(sheng)、自治区的320个(ge)县(市、区、旗)和4个(ge)直辖市正式启(qi)动,试点(dian)覆(fu)盖(gai)面为11.8%,覆(fu)盖(gai)农(nong)村居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)约1.3亿人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),其中60周(zhou)岁以上的约1530万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底(di)(di)(di),全(quan)国已有(you)超(chao)过(guo)半数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)省(sheng)份实(shi)现了工(gong)(gong)伤保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)险(xian)(xian)市级统(tong)筹,绝(jue)大多(duo)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)省(sheng)份已建立(li)了工(gong)(gong)伤保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)险(xian)(xian)储备(bei)金(jin)(jin)制(zhi)度(du)。全(quan)国工(gong)(gong)伤保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)险(xian)(xian)参保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)已达(da)14896万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),其中农(nong)民(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)参保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)5587万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),分别比(bi)(bi)(bi)2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)末增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)1109万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)和645万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)育保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)险(xian)(xian)参保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)达(da)到10876万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),比(bi)(bi)(bi)上年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底(di)(di)(di)新(xin)(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)1622万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)享受生(sheng)育保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)险(xian)(xian)待遇达(da)174万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)次(ci)。

 

公(gong)民受(shou)教(jiao)育(yu)权得到(dao)保(bao)障。到(dao)2009年(nian)底,全国普(pu)及九(jiu)年(nian)义务教(jiao)育(yu)人(ren)(ren)口覆盖率达(da)99.7%,普(pu)及九(jiu)年(nian)义务教(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)县数占全国县数的(de)(de)99.5%。城(cheng)市(shi)小(xiao)学新(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)接受(shou)学前教(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)比例达(da)96.64%,农(nong)村小(xiao)学新(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)接受(shou)学前教(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)达(da)88.55%。小(xiao)学学龄儿童净入(ru)学率达(da)99.4%,小(xiao)学五年(nian)巩固(gu)率达(da)到(dao)99.31%,初(chu)中(zhong)毛入(ru)学率达(da)到(dao)99%,初(chu)中(zhong)三年(nian)巩固(gu)率达(da)到(dao)94%,高中(zhong)阶(jie)段毛入(ru)学率达(da)79.2%。普(pu)通高校招(zhao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)639.5万人(ren)(ren),比上一年(nian)增加(jia)31.8万人(ren)(ren),研究生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)招(zhao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)51.1万人(ren)(ren),比上一年(nian)增加(jia)6.5万人(ren)(ren)。

 

国(guo)家(jia)高(gao)度(du)重(zhong)视发展农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)教(jiao)育。2009年(nian)(nian),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)财(cai)政下达农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)义(yi)务教(jiao)育保障机制专项基金(jin)587亿(yi)元(yuan)(yuan),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公用(yong)经费(fei)资(zi)金(jin)357亿(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)、免(mian)费(fei)教(jiao)科书资(zi)金(jin)138亿(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)、校(xiao)舍维修改造资(zi)金(jin)51亿(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)、补助家(jia)庭经济(ji)困难寄(ji)宿生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)活费(fei)资(zi)金(jin)41亿(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)。免(mian)除(chu)了全国(guo)约(yue)1.3亿(yi)名(ming)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)义(yi)务教(jiao)育学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)杂费(fei)和(he)教(jiao)科书费(fei),按照小(xiao)(xiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)每(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)500元(yuan)(yuan)、初(chu)(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)每(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)750元(yuan)(yuan)的(de)标准,对中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)部地(di)区(qu)约(yue)1100万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)名(ming)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)家(jia)庭经济(ji)困难寄(ji)宿生(sheng)(sheng)补助了生(sheng)(sheng)活费(fei)。全国(guo)所有省份(fen)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)预算内公用(yong)经费(fei)都(dou)达到(dao)了小(xiao)(xiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)每(mei)(mei)(mei)生(sheng)(sheng)每(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)300元(yuan)(yuan)、初(chu)(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)每(mei)(mei)(mei)生(sheng)(sheng)每(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)500元(yuan)(yuan)的(de)基准定(ding)额。到(dao)2009年(nian)(nian)底,已(yi)完成中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)部地(di)区(qu)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)初(chu)(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)校(xiao)舍改造工(gong)程6063多(duo)所,完工(gong)校(xiao)舍面积1281多(duo)万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)平方米。完成农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)远程教(jiao)育网络(luo)工(gong)程投资(zi)110亿(yi)元(yuan)(yuan),为中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)部地(di)区(qu)的(de)23个省份(fen)以及新疆生(sheng)(sheng)产建设(she)兵(bing)团配(pei)备教(jiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)光盘播放设(she)备40.2万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)套(tao)、卫(wei)星教(jiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)收视系统(tong)27.9万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)套(tao)、计算机教(jiao)室(shi)和(he)多(duo)媒体设(she)备4.5万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)套(tao),覆盖(gai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)部地(di)区(qu)36万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)所农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。

 

国家(jia)(jia)(jia)健全家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)经(jing)(jing)济(ji)困难(nan)(nan)(nan)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)资助(zhu)体系。2009年,中(zhong)央财政下(xia)(xia)达(da)(da)中(zhong)等职(zhi)业学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)国家(jia)(jia)(jia)助(zhu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)金(jin)资金(jin)预算92.8亿元(yuan),资助(zhu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)约(yue)(yue)1200万(wan)人(ren),占(zhan)中(zhong)等职(zhi)业学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)一、二年级学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)总数的(de)近90%;下(xia)(xia)达(da)(da)中(zhong)等职(zhi)业学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)农(nong)村家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)经(jing)(jing)济(ji)困难(nan)(nan)(nan)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)和(he)涉农(nong)专(zhuan)业学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)秋(qiu)(qiu)季学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)期(qi)免(mian)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)费资金(jin)24亿元(yuan),约(yue)(yue)440万(wan)名(ming)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)享(xiang)受免(mian)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)费政策。下(xia)(xia)达(da)(da)中(zhong)央专(zhuan)项彩票公益金(jin)教(jiao)育助(zhu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)项目资金(jin)6亿元(yuan),资助(zhu)60万(wan)名(ming)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)高(gao)中(zhong)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)经(jing)(jing)济(ji)困难(nan)(nan)(nan)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)。中(zhong)央财政下(xia)(xia)达(da)(da)70.5亿元(yuan)高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)国家(jia)(jia)(jia)奖(jiang)助(zhu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)金(jin)资金(jin)预算,全国普(pu)(pu)通(tong)高(gao)等学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)有(you)469.43万(wan)人(ren)次获得(de)国家(jia)(jia)(jia)奖(jiang)助(zhu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)金(jin)。全国有(you)24个省(sheng)份启动了生(sheng)(sheng)源地信用助(zhu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)贷款,22个省(sheng)份发放了贷款,当(dang)年新增(zeng)贷款学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)数约(yue)(yue)为60万(wan)人(ren)。2009年秋(qiu)(qiu)季学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)期(qi)开学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)时,全国普(pu)(pu)通(tong)高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)有(you)53.25万(wan)名(ming)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)经(jing)(jing)济(ji)困难(nan)(nan)(nan)新生(sheng)(sheng)通(tong)过“绿色通(tong)道”顺利(li)入学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),占(zhan)特困新生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)95.5%,占(zhan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)经(jing)(jing)济(ji)困难(nan)(nan)(nan)新生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)36.1%,占(zhan)当(dang)年入学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)新生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)9.1%。

 

人民文化生(sheng)活日益丰富。到(dao)2009年底(di),中国(guo)出版各类(lei)报纸437亿份,各类(lei)期刊31亿册,图书(shu)70亿册。全(quan)国(guo)共有(you)(you)艺(yi)术表(biao)演团体2478个(ge)、广(guang)播(bo)电(dian)台251座、电(dian)视(shi)(shi)台272座、广(guang)播(bo)电(dian)视(shi)(shi)台2087座、教育台44个(ge)。全(quan)国(guo)共有(you)(you)有(you)(you)线电(dian)视(shi)(shi)用户(hu)(hu)(hu)17398万(wan)户(hu)(hu)(hu)、有(you)(you)线数字电(dian)视(shi)(shi)用户(hu)(hu)(hu)6200万(wan)户(hu)(hu)(hu)。广(guang)播(bo)节目综合(he)人口覆盖率达(da)96.3%,电(dian)视(shi)(shi)节目综合(he)人口覆盖率为97.2%。全(quan)年生(sheng)产故事片456部,科(ke)教、纪录(lu)、动画和特(te)种影片102部。全(quan)国(guo)共有(you)(you)档(dang)案(an)馆(guan)4035个(ge),已开放各类(lei)档(dang)案(an)7991万(wan)卷(件)。

 

覆盖(gai)城乡的公(gong)共文(wen)化服(fu)务体系加快(kuai)建立,服(fu)务能(neng)力和水平明显提高(gao)。2009年,全国共有县(xian)级以上(shang)公(gong)共图书馆(guan)2850个(ge),县(xian)级以上(shang)群艺馆(guan)和文(wen)化馆(guan)3223个(ge),文(wen)化站38736个(ge)。2009年,已有1749个(ge)公(gong)共博物馆(guan)实现免费开(kai)(kai)放。国家图书馆(guan)从2009年2月7日开(kai)(kai)始全面(mian)减(jian)免收费项(xiang)目。

 

文化(hua)(hua)信息资源共享工(gong)程将中华优秀文化(hua)(hua)进行数字(zi)化(hua)(hua)加工(gong)整合,通过(guo)互联网、卫星、电(dian)视、手机等(deng)进行传(chuan)播,实现(xian)了先进数字(zi)文化(hua)(hua)在全国(guo)范围的(de)共建共享。到2009年(nian),全国(guo)已建成各级文化(hua)(hua)共享服(fu)务(wu)网点(dian)75.7万个。目前实现(xian)共享的(de)数字(zi)资源总量为(wei)90TB,包括视频(pin)资源70132小时,电(dian)子图书52691种,电(dian)子期刊3604种。其中,少(shao)数民族语(yu)言视频(pin)资源1510小时、电(dian)子图书1250种,涉(she)及藏语(yu)、蒙古(gu)语(yu)、维吾尔语(yu)、哈(ha)萨克语(yu)、朝(chao)鲜语(yu)5种语(yu)言。到2009年(nian)底(di),文化(hua)(hua)共享工(gong)程累计(ji)服(fu)务(wu)约7亿人次(ci)。

 

2009年,国(guo)(guo)家投入资金4.07亿元(yuan)援建各类全(quan)(quan)(quan)民(min)(min)(min)健(jian)身(shen)(shen)工程。国(guo)(guo)家颁布(bu)的《全(quan)(quan)(quan)民(min)(min)(min)健(jian)身(shen)(shen)条(tiao)例》是中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)第一部(bu)全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)、系统规范(fan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)民(min)(min)(min)健(jian)身(shen)(shen)事业发(fa)展的专(zhuan)门性行政法(fa)规,对(dui)全(quan)(quan)(quan)民(min)(min)(min)健(jian)身(shen)(shen)管理(li)机制,全(quan)(quan)(quan)民(min)(min)(min)健(jian)身(shen)(shen)计划、活动等(deng)方面(mian)作(zuo)了系统规范(fan)。条(tiao)例首次在国(guo)(guo)家法(fa)规中(zhong)明确规定“公(gong)民(min)(min)(min)有依法(fa)参(can)加全(quan)(quan)(quan)民(min)(min)(min)健(jian)身(shen)(shen)活动的权利”。

 

五、   少数民(min)族的平(ping)等(deng)权利和特殊(shu)保护

 

在(zai)中国,各(ge)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族公(gong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)平等(deng)地享有宪法和法律(lv)规定的全(quan)部公(gong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)权利。同(tong)时,少数民(min)(min)(min)(min)族公(gong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)又依法享有少数民(min)(min)(min)(min)族特有的权利。

 

国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)依法保(bao)障各少(shao)数(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)平等参与管理国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)事务和(he)地方事务的(de)(de)(de)权利。目前,55个少(shao)数(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)都有本民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)大(da)会(hui)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)和(he)全(quan)(quan)(quan)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)政治(zhi)(zhi)协商会(hui)议(yi)委(wei)员;人(ren)(ren)口超过100万的(de)(de)(de)少(shao)数(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)都有本民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)大(da)会(hui)常务委(wei)员会(hui)委(wei)员。历(li)届全(quan)(quan)(quan)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)大(da)会(hui)中,少(shao)数(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)人(ren)(ren)数(shu)(shu)占全(quan)(quan)(quan)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)大(da)会(hui)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)总人(ren)(ren)数(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)例均高于同期少(shao)数(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)口占全(quan)(quan)(quan)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)总人(ren)(ren)口的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)例。155个民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)地方的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)大(da)会(hui)常务委(wei)员会(hui)中均有实行区域自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)担任(ren)主(zhu)任(ren)或者副(fu)主(zhu)任(ren);民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)地方政府的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)席、州(zhou)长、县长或旗(qi)长均由实行区域自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)担任(ren)。截至2009年,全(quan)(quan)(quan)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共有290多(duo)万少(shao)数(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)干部(bu),约(yue)占干部(bu)总数(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)7.4%。全(quan)(quan)(quan)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)公(gong)(gong)务员队伍中,少(shao)数(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)约(yue)占9.6%。

 

国(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)加大(da)(da)对(dui)少(shao)数(shu)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)地(di)区发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)支持力(li)度(du),少(shao)数(shu)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)生活水平不断提高。近(jin)年(nian)来,国(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)相继制(zhi)定《关于(yu)进(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)促(cu)进(jin)(jin)新疆(jiang)经(jing)济(ji)社会发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)若(ruo)干意(yi)见》、《关于(yu)近(jin)期(qi)支持西(xi)藏(zang)经(jing)济(ji)社会发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)见》、《关于(yu)进(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)促(cu)进(jin)(jin)宁(ning)夏经(jing)济(ji)社会发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)若(ruo)干意(yi)见》和《广西(xi)北部湾经(jing)济(ji)区发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)规(gui)(gui)划》,有力(li)地(di)促(cu)进(jin)(jin)了少(shao)数(shu)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)和民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)地(di)区经(jing)济(ji)社会发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。2009年(nian),国(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)投入12.4亿元少(shao)数(shu)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)资金加快促(cu)进(jin)(jin)少(shao)数(shu)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)地(di)区经(jing)济(ji)社会发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。2009年(nian),国(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)投入各类资金7.8亿元,累(lei)计有80%以上人(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)较少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)聚居村(cun)率先达到了《扶(fu)(fu)(fu)持人(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)较少(shao)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)规(gui)(gui)划(2005-2010年(nian))》确定的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)标(biao)任务。加大(da)(da)兴(xing)边(bian)(bian)富民(min)(min)行(xing)动力(li)度(du),扶(fu)(fu)(fu)持范围(wei)扩大(da)(da)到136个边(bian)(bian)境县(xian)和新疆(jiang)生产建设(she)兵团。2009年(nian),国(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)实(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)新的(de)(de)(de)扶(fu)(fu)(fu)贫(pin)标(biao)准,扩大(da)(da)覆盖范围(wei),对(dui)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)地(di)区农(nong)村(cun)低收入人(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)全面实(shi)(shi)(shi)施扶(fu)(fu)(fu)贫(pin)政(zheng)策,民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)地(di)区的(de)(de)(de)农(nong)村(cun)绝对(dui)贫(pin)困(kun)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)由2004年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)1245万减少(shao)到2008年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)770多万。2009年(nian),民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)地(di)区基本(ben)实(shi)(shi)(shi)现了具备(bei)条件的(de)(de)(de)特困(kun)村(cun)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)、通(tong)(tong)电(dian)、通(tong)(tong)电(dian)话、通(tong)(tong)广播电(dian)视;有学校、有卫生室、有安全的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)畜饮用水、有安居房、有稳定解决温饱的(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)农(nong)田或草(cao)场(chang),人(ren)(ren)均粮食占有量、人(ren)(ren)均纯收入等达到国(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)扶(fu)(fu)(fu)贫(pin)开发(fa)(fa)纲(gang)要(yao)要(yao)求。

 

民族(zu)地(di)区的(de)公共(gong)卫(wei)生体系(xi)建(jian)(jian)设进(jin)一步加快。2004年(nian)至2009年(nian),国家对民族(zu)地(di)区的(de)公共(gong)卫(wei)生体系(xi)建(jian)(jian)设、重点疾病防(fang)治、计(ji)划免(mian)疫、妇幼(you)卫(wei)生、人才培(pei)养、农(nong)村合作医(yi)(yi)疗和民族(zu)医(yi)(yi)药等(deng)投(tou)入的(de)资金累计(ji)达到(dao)47亿(yi)元。截至2008年(nian)底,民族(zu)自治地(di)方699个(ge)县中有681个(ge)县实行了(le)这个(ge)新制度(du)(du),5个(ge)自治区及云南、贵(gui)州(zhou)、青海等(deng)8个(ge)民族(zu)省区实现了(le)全(quan)面覆盖,民族(zu)地(di)区的(de)推进(jin)速度(du)(du)超(chao)过了(le)全(quan)国总体水(shui)平。

 

少(shao)数(shu)民族的(de)(de)(de)(de)受教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)水平(ping)不断提(ti)高。目前,民族地方(fang)已(yi)形成(cheng)从(cong)幼儿(er)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)到(dao)高等(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)完整教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)体系,少(shao)数(shu)民族人口的(de)(de)(de)(de)受教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)年(nian)限显著(zhu)提(ti)高。少(shao)数(shu)民族地区(qu)适龄儿(er)童(tong)入学率达到(dao)98%。截(jie)至(zhi)2009年(nian)底,民族自治地方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)699个(ge)县中已(yi)有686个(ge)基本(ben)实现(xian)了普及九年(nian)制义务教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu),基本(ben)扫除青壮年(nian)文(wen)盲的(de)(de)(de)(de)目标,剩余的(de)(de)(de)(de)13个(ge)县计划在2010年(nian)全(quan)(quan)部完成(cheng)。截(jie)至(zhi)2009年(nian),全(quan)(quan)国(guo)共有各类民族院校(xiao)15所,全(quan)(quan)日(ri)制在校(xiao)生超(chao)过(guo)20万人,其中少(shao)数(shu)民族学生比例超(chao)过(guo)60%。2009年(nian)举办民族预科班(ban)和民族班(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高校(xiao)超(chao)过(guo)300所,招(zhao)生人数(shu)达到(dao)3.1万人。

 

少(shao)(shao)数(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)得到保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)、繁荣(rong)和(he)发(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。2009年(nian)6月,国(guo)务院召开“全国(guo)少(shao)(shao)数(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)会(hui)议(yi)”,出台了(le)《国(guo)务院关于进(jin)一步繁荣(rong)发(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)少(shao)(shao)数(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)事业的(de)(de)若(ruo)干(gan)意(yi)见(jian)》,全面部(bu)署(shu)了(le)当前(qian)和(he)今(jin)后一个(ge)(ge)时期(qi)的(de)(de)主要(yao)任务、目(mu)标举(ju)措和(he)保(bao)(bao)障措施,为繁荣(rong)发(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)少(shao)(shao)数(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)事业提供了(le)有力保(bao)(bao)障。民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)地(di)(di)区(qu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)设(she)施建(jian)设(she)不断加(jia)强。“十(shi)一五(wu)”期(qi)间,国(guo)家(jia)计(ji)划通过实(shi)施乡(xiang)镇综合(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)站建(jian)设(she)规划,补助(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)西部(bu)地(di)(di)区(qu)约38.57亿元(yuan)(yuan),建(jian)设(she)2.34万(wan)个(ge)(ge)乡(xiang)镇综合(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)站,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)补助(zhu)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)8省(sheng)区(qu)和(he)新(xin)疆生产建(jian)设(she)兵团9.13亿元(yuan)(yuan)左右。国(guo)家(jia)资助(zhu)更新(xin)改造一大(da)批少(shao)(shao)数(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)语(yu)(yu)广(guang)播影(ying)视译制设(she)备,先后在(zai)内蒙(meng)古(gu)、西藏(zang)、新(xin)疆等省(sheng)区(qu)扶(fu)持(chi)建(jian)立(li)10个(ge)(ge)少(shao)(shao)数(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)语(yu)(yu)电(dian)影(ying)译制中(zhong)(zhong)心,并研(yan)发(fa)(fa)(fa)出电(dian)影(ying)译制数(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)(hua)新(xin)技术(shu)。国(guo)家(jia)加(jia)大(da)对民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)地(di)(di)区(qu)重(zhong)点(dian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)单(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)维(wei)(wei)修保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)项目(mu)和(he)珍贵文(wen)(wen)(wen)物征(zheng)集经费的(de)(de)支(zhi)持(chi)力度。安排4亿元(yuan)(yuan)专(zhuan)项经费,用(yong)于“十(shi)一五(wu)”期(qi)间新(xin)疆20余处(chu)全国(guo)重(zhong)点(dian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)单(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)、古(gu)遗址的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)。目(mu)前(qian),民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)地(di)(di)区(qu)的(de)(de)全国(guo)重(zhong)点(dian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)单(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)已达366处(chu),布达拉宫、丽江古(gu)城等被联(lian)合(he)国(guo)公布为世界文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遗产。新(xin)疆维(wei)(wei)吾尔木卡姆艺术(shu)、蒙(meng)古(gu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)长调民(min)歌、贵州侗族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)大(da)歌、《格(ge)萨尔》史诗、青(qing)海热贡(gong)艺术(shu)、藏(zang)戏、新(xin)疆《玛(ma)纳斯(si)》、蒙(meng)古(gu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)呼麦、甘肃花儿、朝(chao)鲜族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)农(nong)乐舞等入选联(lian)合(he)国(guo)教科文(wen)(wen)(wen)组织“人类口头与(yu)非物质遗产代表(biao)作(zuo)”。目(mu)前(qian)国(guo)家(jia)设(she)立(li)的(de)(de)4个(ge)(ge)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)生态保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)实(shi)验区(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)有2个(ge)(ge)少(shao)(shao)数(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)试(shi)验区(qu)。国(guo)家(jia)出台《关于做(zuo)好少(shao)(shao)数(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)特色村寨保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)与(yu)发(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)试(shi)点(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)指导(dao)意(yi)见(jian)》,开展(zhan)少(shao)(shao)数(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)特色村寨保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)与(yu)发(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)试(shi)点(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。2009年(nian),共投入5000万(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)资金专(zhuan)门用(yong)于121个(ge)(ge)少(shao)(shao)数(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)特色村寨保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)与(yu)发(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)试(shi)点(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。

 

少(shao)(shao)数民(min)族(zu)(zu)学(xue)习、使(shi)用(yong)和发展本民(min)族(zu)(zu)语言(yan)文(wen)字(zi)(zi)的(de)权利得到保障(zhang)。国(guo)家(jia)切实保障(zhang)少(shao)(shao)数民(min)族(zu)(zu)语言(yan)文(wen)字(zi)(zi)在(zai)行(xing)政司(si)法、新闻(wen)出版、广(guang)播(bo)影视(shi)、文(wen)化(hua)教(jiao)(jiao)育等各(ge)领域的(de)使(shi)用(yong),在(zai)普通高(gao)等学(xue)校招生入学(xue)考(kao)试中允许使(shi)用(yong)少(shao)(shao)数民(min)族(zu)(zu)语言(yan)文(wen)字(zi)(zi)答(da)卷。国(guo)家(jia)在(zai)民(min)族(zu)(zu)地(di)区推行(xing)双语教(jiao)(jiao)学(xue)。目前(qian),全国(guo)共(gong)有1万(wan)多(duo)(duo)所学(xue)校使(shi)用(yong)21个(ge)民(min)族(zu)(zu)的(de)29种文(wen)字(zi)(zi)开展双语教(jiao)(jiao)学(xue),在(zai)校生达600多(duo)(duo)万(wan)人(ren)。

 

六、   残疾(ji)人(ren)权益(yi)

 

中国大力(li)发展残疾(ji)人(ren)事业(ye),注重解决残疾(ji)人(ren)面临的突出困难,保障(zhang)残疾(ji)人(ren)各项合法权(quan)利。

 

国(guo)(guo)家积极完善保(bao)障(zhang)残(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)疾人(ren)(ren)(ren)权(quan)益的(de)法律法规。2008年4月(yue)24日(ri)修(xiu)订的(de)残(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)疾人(ren)(ren)(ren)保(bao)障(zhang)法进一步强化(hua)了(le)残(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)疾人(ren)(ren)(ren)权(quan)益的(de)法律保(bao)障(zhang)。2009年,国(guo)(guo)家发(fa)布《残(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)疾人(ren)(ren)(ren)航(hang)空运(yun)输办(ban)法》,为(wei)(wei)保(bao)障(zhang)残(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)疾人(ren)(ren)(ren)航(hang)空运(yun)输权(quan)利(li)(li)规定(ding)了(le)具(ju)体(ti)措施。目(mu)前正在(zai)加(jia)快制定(ding)《无障(zhang)碍建(jian)设(she)条(tiao)例》、《残(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)疾预防(fang)和残(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)疾人(ren)(ren)(ren)康复(fu)条(tiao)例》和国(guo)(guo)家残(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)疾分类(lei)标准。2009年12月(yue),国(guo)(guo)家修(xiu)订了(le)《机动车(che)驾(jia)(jia)驶证(zheng)申(shen)领和使用规定(ding)》,放宽了(le)申(shen)请(qing)驾(jia)(jia)驶证(zheng)的(de)身体(ti)条(tiao)件,为(wei)(wei)残(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)疾人(ren)(ren)(ren)驾(jia)(jia)驶汽车(che)提(ti)供了(le)便利(li)(li)。2009年,全国(guo)(guo)成立了(le)首批56个残(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)疾人(ren)(ren)(ren)法律救助(zhu)工作(zuo)站,直(zhi)接为(wei)(wei)残(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)疾人(ren)(ren)(ren)提(ti)供法律救助(zhu)服(fu)务。

 

残(can)疾(ji)人社(she)(she)会保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)体(ti)系(xi)和服务(wu)体(ti)系(xi)得到完善。2009年(nian),国家制定《关于加快推进残(can)疾(ji)人社(she)(she)会保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)体(ti)系(xi)和服务(wu)体(ti)系(xi)建设的(de)指(zhi)导意(yi)见》,全国30个省、自治(zhi)区、直(zhi)辖市出台了加快建设残(can)疾(ji)人社(she)(she)会保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)体(ti)系(xi)和服务(wu)体(ti)系(xi)的(de)实施(shi)意(yi)见。2009年(nian),国家新(xin)型农村社(she)(she)会养老(lao)保(bao)(bao)险开始试点,明确要求地方(fang)政府为(wei)农村重度残(can)疾(ji)人等缴(jiao)费困难(nan)群体(ti)代缴(jiao)部(bu)分或(huo)全部(bu)最(zui)低标准的(de)养老(lao)保(bao)(bao)险费。

 

残(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)康复(fu)(fu)事业得(de)到发(fa)(fa)展。2009年,620万(wan)(wan)残(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)得(de)到不同程度康复(fu)(fu),2376个市(shi)辖区(qu)、县(市(shi))开展社区(qu)康复(fu)(fu)工作(zuo),984.4万(wan)(wan)残(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)得(de)到社区(qu)康复(fu)(fu)服务。为残(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)提供辅助(zhu)器(qi)具112.2万(wan)(wan)件,其中为贫(pin)困(kun)残(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)免费发(fa)(fa)放59.8万(wan)(wan)件。国家投入贫(pin)困(kun)残(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)儿童抢(qiang)救性康复(fu)(fu)项目(mu)资金7.11亿元,近(jin)6万(wan)(wan)残(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)儿童受益(yi)。实施“康复(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)才培养百千万(wan)(wan)工程”,培训(xun)康复(fu)(fu)管理和技术人(ren)(ren)员(yuan)2200多人(ren)(ren)、社区(qu)康复(fu)(fu)协调员(yuan)近(jin)13万(wan)(wan)名(ming)。

 

残(can)疾(ji)人(ren)(ren)教(jiao)育(yu)事业(ye)(ye)不断发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。2009年(nian)(nian),中国政府出台《关(guan)于进一步(bu)加快特殊(shu)教(jiao)育(yu)事业(ye)(ye)发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)意见》,明确提(ti)(ti)出加快发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)特殊(shu)教(jiao)育(yu),特别(bie)是加快发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)以职(zhi)(zhi)业(ye)(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)为主(zhu)的(de)残(can)疾(ji)人(ren)(ren)高(gao)(gao)中阶段教(jiao)育(yu)和高(gao)(gao)等(deng)教(jiao)育(yu),拓展(zhan)了(le)残(can)疾(ji)人(ren)(ren)义务(wu)教(jiao)育(yu)范(fan)围,针对特殊(shu)教(jiao)育(yu)薄弱环节,提(ti)(ti)出完善特教(jiao)经费保障机制、加强师资(zi)队伍建(jian)设、提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)随班就读(du)质量、多种(zhong)形式(shi)扫除青壮年(nian)(nian)文(wen)盲等(deng)一系(xi)列(lie)措施。残(can)疾(ji)少(shao)年(nian)(nian)儿童义务(wu)教(jiao)育(yu)普(pu)及水平稳(wen)步(bu)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)。国家为78.5万人(ren)(ren)次(ci)残(can)疾(ji)人(ren)(ren)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)职(zhi)(zhi)业(ye)(ye)技(ji)术培训。普(pu)通(tong)高(gao)(gao)等(deng)院校(xiao)录取残(can)疾(ji)人(ren)(ren)考生(sheng)7782人(ren)(ren)。

 

残(can)疾(ji)人(ren)(ren)公共(gong)服(fu)务(wu)得到(dao)加强。2009年(nian)(nian)已建立(li)托(tuo)养(yang)机(ji)构3474个,托(tuo)养(yang)残(can)疾(ji)人(ren)(ren)11万(wan)人(ren)(ren)。国家扶(fu)持108.5万(wan)农村(cun)贫困残(can)疾(ji)人(ren)(ren)脱(tuo)贫,为10.2万(wan)户农村(cun)贫困残(can)疾(ji)人(ren)(ren)家庭实施危房改造,受益残(can)疾(ji)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)14万(wan)人(ren)(ren)。自(zi)2009年(nian)(nian)至(zhi)2011年(nian)(nian),国家每年(nian)(nian)安排(pai)2亿(yi)元专项资金(jin),用(yong)于补(bu)助各(ge)地(di)开展就(jiu)业(ye)(ye)年(nian)(nian)龄段智力、精(jing)神和重度残(can)疾(ji)人(ren)(ren)托(tuo)养(yang)服(fu)务(wu)工作。2009年(nian)(nian)新安排(pai)35万(wan)城镇残(can)疾(ji)人(ren)(ren)就(jiu)业(ye)(ye),城镇残(can)疾(ji)人(ren)(ren)就(jiu)业(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)数(shu)达(da)到(dao)443.4万(wan),农村(cun)残(can)疾(ji)人(ren)(ren)就(jiu)业(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)数(shu)达(da)到(dao)1757万(wan)。

 

残(can)(can)疾(ji)人(ren)(ren)文化体育(yu)生活不(bu)断丰富。2009年,国(guo)(guo)家举办了第七届(jie)全(quan)国(guo)(guo)残(can)(can)疾(ji)人(ren)(ren)艺术(shu)汇(hui)演,逐(zhu)级选拔选手(shou)3万人(ren)(ren),直(zhi)接参(can)加汇(hui)演的(de)演职(zhi)员4000人(ren)(ren)。2009年,国(guo)(guo)家颁布《全(quan)民健(jian)(jian)身条例》,明确规定保障(zhang)(zhang)残(can)(can)疾(ji)人(ren)(ren)参(can)加健(jian)(jian)身活动(dong)和参(can)与(yu)体育(yu)的(de)权利(li)。中国(guo)(guo)残(can)(can)疾(ji)运(yun)动(dong)员先(xian)后(hou)参(can)加第二(er)十一届(jie)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)听障(zhang)(zhang)奥运(yun)会(hui)、第九届(jie)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)冬季特奥会(hui)、英国(guo)(guo)残(can)(can)奥世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)杯(bei)、东京亚洲青年残(can)(can)疾(ji)人(ren)(ren)运(yun)动(dong)会(hui)、世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)轮椅和肢(zhi)残(can)(can)人(ren)(ren)运(yun)动(dong)会(hui)等(deng)19项国(guo)(guo)际赛事,共夺得(de)金牌158枚。举办14项全(quan)国(guo)(guo)残(can)(can)疾(ji)人(ren)(ren)体育(yu)赛事,5000名运(yun)动(dong)员参(can)与(yu)。特奥运(yun)动(dong)稳步发展,特奥运(yun)动(dong)员达到90万人(ren)(ren)。

 

残(can)疾(ji)人(ren)参与(yu)社会生活(huo)的(de)环境不(bu)断(duan)改善。中(zhong)央人(ren)民政府门户网站(zhan)设(she)立(li)“残(can)疾(ji)人(ren)服务”专栏,创建国家级盲人(ren)数字图书(shu)馆。无障碍(ai)建设(she)取得新(xin)进展,100个城市开展创建全国无障碍(ai)建设(she)城市工(gong)作,积极推进主要(yao)街道(dao)和商场、医院(yuan)、宾馆、影剧(ju)院(yuan)、博物馆、机场、车站(zhan)等公共建筑物及居民住宅无障碍(ai)建设(she)和改造(zao),为(wei)残(can)疾(ji)人(ren)走出家门,充分参与(yu)社会生活(huo)创造(zao)了(le)条件(jian)。政府和社会各界大力弘扬人(ren)道(dao)主义,倡导理(li)解、尊(zun)重、关心、帮助残(can)疾(ji)人(ren)的(de)良(liang)好社会风尚。

 

七、   人权领(ling)域(yu)的对外交(jiao)流与合作

 

中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)积(ji)极开展国(guo)(guo)际(ji)人权交(jiao)流与合作,努力推动国(guo)(guo)际(ji)人权事业(ye)健康发展。

 

中国积极参与联(lian)合(he)国人权机构工(gong)作(zuo),发挥建设性作(zuo)用(yong),推动各国以公(gong)正、客观(guan)和非选择性方式处理人权问题。

 

2009年(nian)(nian)2月(yue),中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)首次接受人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)权(quan)(quan)理(li)(li)事(shi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)别人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)权(quan)(quan)审(shen)(shen)查。在审(shen)(shen)议(yi)中(zhong),中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)严肃(su)和(he)(he)(he)(he)高度(du)负责的(de)(de)态度(du)全面介绍中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)权(quan)(quan)事(shi)业(ye)的(de)(de)发(fa)展、面临的(de)(de)挑战和(he)(he)(he)(he)努力目标(biao),与(yu)各国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)进行(xing)了(le)开放、坦诚(cheng)的(de)(de)对话。中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)在人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)权(quan)(quan)领(ling)域(yu)作(zuo)出的(de)(de)努力和(he)(he)(he)(he)取得的(de)(de)进步(bu)受到许多国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)肯定,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)权(quan)(quan)理(li)(li)事(shi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)全会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)于2009年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)核可了(le)审(shen)(shen)议(yi)中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)报告。2009年(nian)(nian),中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)代表团(tuan)出席了(le)第六(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四届(jie)联(lian)(lian)合(he)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)第三委员会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)议(yi)、联(lian)(lian)合(he)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)权(quan)(quan)理(li)(li)事(shi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)第十(shi)(shi)(shi)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)一、十(shi)(shi)(shi)二次会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)议(yi),参(can)与(yu)了(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)权(quan)(quan)理(li)(li)事(shi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)第四、五、六(liu)(liu)轮国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)别人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)权(quan)(quan)审(shen)(shen)查。中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)专(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)出席了(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)权(quan)(quan)理(li)(li)事(shi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)咨询委员会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)第二、三次会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)议(yi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)权(quan)(quan)理(li)(li)事(shi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)来文工作(zuo)组第四、五次会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)议(yi)。中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)积极(ji)参(can)与(yu)了(le)2009年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)召开的(de)(de)联(lian)(lian)合(he)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)反(fan)对种(zhong)族主(zhu)义世界大会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)审(shen)(shen)议(yi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)议(yi)。在上述机构和(he)(he)(he)(he)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)议(yi)中(zhong),中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)维护《联(lian)(lian)合(he)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)宪章》的(de)(de)宗旨和(he)(he)(he)(he)原则(ze),认真履行(xing)职责,积极(ji)参(can)加有关人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)权(quan)(quan)议(yi)题(ti)的(de)(de)审(shen)(shen)议(yi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)讨(tao)论。

 

中(zhong)国(guo)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)高度重(zhong)(zhong)视国(guo)际(ji)(ji)人(ren)权(quan)(quan)(quan)文(wen)书(shu)在促进(jin)和保护人(ren)权(quan)(quan)(quan)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)发挥的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要作用(yong),已(yi)加(jia)入(ru)包括《经(jing)济、社(she)会(hui)(hui)及(ji)(ji)文(wen)化权(quan)(quan)(quan)利国(guo)际(ji)(ji)公约(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)》在内的(de)25项国(guo)际(ji)(ji)人(ren)权(quan)(quan)(quan)公约(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),并(bing)(bing)积极(ji)为批准《公民(min)权(quan)(quan)(quan)利和政(zheng)治权(quan)(quan)(quan)利国(guo)际(ji)(ji)公约(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)》创造条件。中(zhong)国(guo)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)采取措施履(lv)行已(yi)参加(jia)的(de)国(guo)际(ji)(ji)人(ren)权(quan)(quan)(quan)条约(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)的(de)义务。2009年(nian),中(zhong)国(guo)着手撰写《经(jing)济、社(she)会(hui)(hui)及(ji)(ji)文(wen)化权(quan)(quan)(quan)利国(guo)际(ji)(ji)公约(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)》第二次(ci)(ci)履(lv)约(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)报(bao)告、《儿童(tong)权(quan)(quan)(quan)利公约(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)》第三、四(si)次(ci)(ci)合并(bing)(bing)报(bao)告及(ji)(ji)《儿童(tong)权(quan)(quan)(quan)利公约(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)关于儿童(tong)卷入(ru)武(wu)装冲突问题(ti)的(de)任择(ze)议(yi)(yi)定(ding)书(shu)》、《残疾人(ren)权(quan)(quan)(quan)利公约(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)》的(de)首次(ci)(ci)报(bao)告。2009年(nian)8月,中(zhong)国(guo)接(jie)受联(lian)合国(guo)消(xiao)除种族(zu)(zu)歧(qi)视委(wei)员会(hui)(hui)对(dui)中(zhong)国(guo)履(lv)行《消(xiao)除一切(qie)形式种族(zu)(zu)歧(qi)视国(guo)际(ji)(ji)公约(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)》第十至十三次(ci)(ci)合并(bing)(bing)报(bao)告的(de)审(shen)议(yi)(yi),委(wei)员会(hui)(hui)审(shen)议(yi)(yi)结(jie)论(lun)肯(ken)定(ding)了中(zhong)国(guo)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)在发展民(min)族(zu)(zu)地区经(jing)济、扶持人(ren)口较(jiao)少(shao)民(min)族(zu)(zu)发展、提高人(ren)民(min)生活(huo)水平、促进(jin)医(yi)疗卫生和教(jiao)育事业(ye)、保护少(shao)数(shu)民(min)族(zu)(zu)文(wen)化等方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)政(zheng)策、举措和成就。

 

中国(guo)(guo)政府(fu)积极(ji)参与国(guo)(guo)际人权(quan)(quan)(quan)文书(shu)的(de)制(zhi)定工(gong)作。2009年(nian),中国(guo)(guo)政府(fu)派(pai)团参加了《儿童权(quan)(quan)(quan)利公(gong)约》来文申诉机制(zhi)任择议(yi)定书(shu)制(zhi)定工(gong)作组会(hui)议(yi),中国(guo)(guo)积极(ji)推荐专家参与人权(quan)(quan)(quan)条约机构的(de)工(gong)作。2009年(nian),中国(guo)(guo)专家当(dang)选首(shou)届联合国(guo)(guo)残疾人权(quan)(quan)(quan)利委(wei)(wei)员会(hui)副(fu)主席,连任联合国(guo)(guo)禁止酷(ku)刑委(wei)(wei)员会(hui)委(wei)(wei)员。

 

中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)积(ji)极开(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)人(ren)(ren)权领(ling)域(yu)的国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)际(ji)合(he)作(zuo)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)视与联(lian)合(he)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)权事(shi)务高(gao)级专(zhuan)员办(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)室开(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)技术合(he)作(zuo),自2000年(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)与高(gao)专(zhuan)办(ban)(ban)签(qian)署(shu)《合(he)作(zuo)谅解(jie)备忘录》以来,双方在(zai)相(xiang)互尊重(zhong)的基础上(shang),开(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)了一(yi)系列人(ren)(ren)权合(he)作(zuo)项(xiang)目。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)积(ji)极支持高(gao)专(zhuan)办(ban)(ban)的工作(zuo),2009年(nian)再次(ci)向(xiang)高(gao)专(zhuan)办(ban)(ban)捐款2万美(mei)元。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)视联(lian)合(he)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)权特(te)(te)别机制(zhi)在(zai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)际(ji)人(ren)(ren)权领(ling)域(yu)的重(zhong)要作(zuo)用,与其(qi)(qi)保持着良好的合(he)作(zuo)关(guan)系。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)政府本着负责任的态度答(da)复联(lian)合(he)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)权特(te)(te)别机制(zhi)的每一(yi)封来函。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)政府已向(xiang)人(ren)(ren)权理事(shi)会(hui)粮食权特(te)(te)别报告员发出访华邀请(qing)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)继(ji)续(xu)与联(lian)合(he)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)儿(er)童(tong)(tong)基金会(hui)驻华代表处就(jiu)联(lian)合(he)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)儿(er)童(tong)(tong)权利委员会(hui)审(shen)议中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)报告结论后续(xu)工作(zuo)开(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)合(he)作(zuo),2009年(nian)举办(ban)(ban)了“《儿(er)童(tong)(tong)权利公(gong)(gong)约》及其(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)内实施”国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)际(ji)研讨(tao)会(hui)和“《儿(er)童(tong)(tong)权利公(gong)(gong)约》履(lv)约报告”研讨(tao)会(hui)。

 

中国(guo)(guo)坚持在(zai)平等和相互尊重的(de)基(ji)础上(shang)与有(you)关国(guo)(guo)家(jia)开展双边人权对(dui)话与交流。2009年,中国(guo)(guo)分(fen)别与欧盟、英国(guo)(guo)、荷兰、澳大利亚、挪威等举行了(le)人权对(dui)话或磋(cuo)商,与俄罗斯、老(lao)挝等国(guo)(guo)家(jia)进(jin)行了(le)交流。通过对(dui)话与交流,增进(jin)了(le)中国(guo)(guo)与其他(ta)国(guo)(guo)家(jia)在(zai)人权问题上(shang)的(de)相互了(le)解,减少了(le)分(fen)歧,扩大了(le)共识。

 

充分实现人权是中国全面建设小康社会、构建社会主义和谐社会的重要目标。中国将与国际社会一道,一如既往地为促进中国人权事业的不断进步和国际人权事业的健康发展,为建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界作出不懈的努力和贡献。
 


相关链接

国内音乐院校
教育相关网站



 武侯校区

地址:成都市新生路6号
邮编:610021
电话:028-85430202
传真:028-85430722

 新都校区

地址:成都市新都区蜀龙大道中段620号
邮编:610500
电话(hua):028-89390026

 招生电话:028-85430270 / 85430022

  研究生招生咨询电话:028-85430277

  艺术考级咨询电话:028-85490737 13060008118
   

请关注微博       请关注微信

四川音乐学院教育信息技术中心版权所有© 2013